Pododermatitis, often referred
to as hock sores, commonly occurs in rabbits. It usually affects the bottom of
the hind feet and hocks (the lower part of the leg that touches the ground when
the animal is sitting). "Podo" refers to the foot, and "dermatitis" refers to
inflammation of the skin.
What Causes Pododermatitis?
Excessive pressure on the foot may cause loss of the course, protective hair
around the foot, as well as calluses. It may also damage the skin, causing open
wounds and infection of the tissues, and even the bones, of the feet. The
pressure most often occurs if a large rabbit is housed on hard floors or wire
floors. It is more common in hot, humid weather and in larger rabbits.
Factors that may predispose an animal to developing
pododermatitis include:
Decreased hair on the
foot, which may be the result of heredity (Rex breeds of rabbits) or housing
on a wet surface (e.g., damp resting board, or wet bedding)
Large size or obesity
Lack of movement in a
small cage
Abrasions from rough,
irregular, or wire floors
Poor sanitation
What are the Signs
of Pododermatitis? Animals with pododermatitis may begin to
favour one of their hind feet or appear lame and reluctant to walk. There may be
loss of hair on the affected foot, thickening of the skin, swelling, redness,
and sometimes open, draining areas or scabs. It is a painful condition that may
cause your rabbit to become depressed and not eat.
How is pododermatitis treated?
For mild cases (slight swelling and redness), simply changing the environment
and diet of the animal may be all that is needed. This may include providing:
A smoother floor
Softer and thicker
bedding
Dry surfaces
Increased cleanliness
Fewer calories (if your
animal is overweight)
For more severe cases,
veterinary attention is needed. Radiographs (x-rays) may be taken to determine
if there is any bone infection. The animal will be placed on antibiotics and
pain relievers, if indicated. Surgery may be necessary to remove and dead or
dying tissue. The feet may need to be soaked and bandaged.
How can pododermatitis be prevented?
Pododermatitis can easily be prevented by providing the right environment and
diet for the animal. Measures include:
Maintaining good
sanitation: regular cleaning of the cage and litter box
Providing good
flooring: smooth and dry
Supplying soft, thick,
dry, clean bedding
Daily checking of the
feet
Preventing animals from
becoming overweight by feeding a good diet
Clipping toenails
regularly
Providing a large
enough cage or area for exercise
